Four Futures of NATO: In conversation with Dr Anna Wieslander

As the NATO Summit in Ankara on July 7 approaches, the future of the Alliance is widely debated. President Trump said “bye, bye” to allies after Denmark’s refusal to hand over Greenland to the United States. He called NATO a “paper tiger” as allies did not side with the US against Iran, triggering President Macron of France to accuse Trump of “hollowing out” the alliance. President Trump’s harsh verbal attacks on allies and the Alliance occur while simultaneously, NATO is undergoing a profound transformation from a US-led to a European-led NATO, often referred to as NATO 3.0. The shift has started, but how it will end, and whether it will succeed, remains to be seen. In light of the Russian threat and doubts on the American commitment to the continent, what is the future of NATO? In this s